Basque Country (País Vasco) – Atlantic Coast, Green Hills, and Maritime Landscapes

Coastal terrain shaped by ocean climate, cultural identity, and historic routes

The Basque Country is one of the defining coastal landscapes of northern Spain, where walking routes connect fishing harbours, green hills, estuaries, and vineyard slopes between historic maritime towns and inland valleys. The Camino del Norte follows the Bay of Biscay through San Sebastián and onward toward Bilbao, while the GR® 38 Wine & Fish Route crosses the interior from Rioja Alavesa to the port of Bermeo. Together these routes link sea and interior across landscapes shaped by Atlantic weather, agriculture, and long-standing trade traditions.

Walking here is defined by rhythm and elevation rather than distance alone. Coastal paths rise and fall between headlands and sheltered bays, while inland routes pass through vineyard terraces, pasture, woodland, and upland passes. The terrain is compact yet varied, offering continuous movement through changing environments within relatively short distances.

The coastline gives the area much of its identity. Rocky promontories, sandy beaches, and tidal estuaries alternate with fishing ports and coastal towns, while inland valleys and agricultural slopes provide a quieter contrast to the exposed shoreline. This close relationship between sea, land, and settlement creates a landscape where culture and environment remain closely intertwined.

Settlements sit closely within the terrain. Fishing towns, hillside villages, and historic ports provide natural pauses along the way, reinforcing the region’s maritime character and its suitability for steady, self-guided movement between inhabited places.

Trails and Routes Through the Basque Country

GR® 38 Wine & Fish Route

‍A historic inland–coastal route linking Rioja Alavesa vineyards with the Atlantic fishing port of Bermeo.

Camino del Norte

‍A coastal pilgrimage route connecting maritime towns and cultural landscapes along Spain’s northern shoreline.

Basque Coast Geopark Routes

‍Clifftop and coastal paths revealing dramatic rock formations and Atlantic headlands.

Urdaibai Estuary Paths

‍Wetland and estuary walking through protected habitats and traditional fishing communities.

Txakoli Vineyard Routes

‍Rural tracks through coastal hills near Getaria and Zarautz combining agricultural landscapes with ocean views.

Inland Hill Routes

‍Paths linking villages through green upland terrain, woodland, and pasture beyond the shoreline.

Walking Character

• Green hills descending toward the Atlantic
• Fishing harbours and maritime towns
• Estuaries, wetlands, and tidal landscapes
• Vineyard terraces and agricultural slopes
• Frequent ascents and descents creating varied terrain
• Village-to-village walking with regular services
• Strong coastal and cultural identity

Frequently Asked Questions

Where is the Basque Country located?

The Basque Country lies on Spain’s northern coast along the Bay of Biscay, bordering France and neighbouring Cantabrian regions.

What defines walking in the Basque Country?

Atlantic coastline, green hills, fishing towns, estuaries, and routes shaped by maritime climate and cultural landscapes.

Is the terrain challenging?

Routes often include short, steep ascents and descents between headlands and valleys, creating varied walking conditions.

Are there protected landscapes?

Yes. Areas such as Urkiola Natural Park and the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve protect mountain and coastal environments.

Can coastal and inland routes be combined?

Yes. Inland hill paths connect easily with coastal towns, allowing varied journeys between shoreline and upland terrain.